Policy makers in the EU and elsewhere are concerned that unilateral carbon pricing induces carbon leakage through … general equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated to empirical data, we quantify the welfare gains for the EU to impose such a …

already regulated by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), and in some countries like Germany the phaseout of coal will be … welfare effects across EU member states. For Germany, coal phaseout combined with unilateral cancellation of allowances is …