dropped on average by -55% in the US and -45% in Germany from the onset of the crisis to the summer of 2021. In the US …, schools were closed longer in richer than in poorer areas, while in Germany the regional variation is much smaller. However …, Germany exhibited substantial variation by grade level, with a strong U-shaped patterns that implies that children attending …

Using firm-level survey data from Germany, this paper asks how do supply constraints propagate monetary policy shocks …

score matching, and inverse probability weighting estimation techniques, we find that 1 dollar of federal spending increases …

This paper considers the problem of identification, estimation and inference in the case of spatial panel data models … errors. A quasi maximum likelihood (QML) estimation procedure is developed and the conditions for identification of spatial …