market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail … market concentration. Due to this concentration retail prices may be higher and welfare may be lower in free trade than in … autarky, thus reversing the standard effects of trade liberalization. Second, the pro-competitive effects of trade …

We study the nature of individual demands for environmental regulation and for trade openness in the general … all. We show that when private mitigation is possible at a cost, trade polarizes the interests of rich and poor with … respect to the stringency of regulation. Moreover, even though trade has the potential to benefit everyone, the poor may …

(China) and India - in trade, investments and infrastructure development can foster outward-oriented development and economic …