We study the nature of individual demands for environmental regulation and for trade openness in the general … all. We show that when private mitigation is possible at a cost, trade polarizes the interests of rich and poor with … respect to the stringency of regulation. Moreover, even though trade has the potential to benefit everyone, the poor may …

policy. The setting is that of a small open economy in which incomes depend importantly on trade in dirty goods, where income … interacts with the pollution costs and income benefits of trade in dirty goods to further polarize interests concerning both … environmental stringency and the regulation of trade openness. In this context, we show how the eco-friendliness ranking of …

We provide quantitative evidence that the primary effects of economic sanctions on trade and welfare are accompanied by … taken into account. Furthermore, while the extraterritorial burden of sanctions on trade falls primarily on target countries …, the corresponding effect on trade among senders and third countries is positive. General equilibrium analysis suggests …

poorer individuals and, in specific circumstances, on the whole population. In an open economy with free trade, lower income … inequality in one country creates price divergence between trading countries. Lower inequality not only further decreases trade …

-parametric formulas, we measure how trade modifies the deadweight loss of markups through two channels: (1) trade-induced change in markup … zero-sum welfare effects similar to implicit tariffs that tilt the terms of trade in favor of countries exporting high … compile new data on global profit ownership. Our findings reveal that trade has greatly reshaped the global incidence of …