Did the Prussian three-class franchise, which politically over-represented the economic elite, affect policy …

Elite skills have become crucial in today’s superstar economy. We develop a multi-period skillformation model where we … show that individuals with temporary disadvantages must exert greater effort to gain access to elite education. This … year become the superstars. We also show that if young students discount the future “too much”, high requirements to elite …

points higher than others. This facilitated the persistence of that elite group. A systematic analysis of 17,589 documents …

We introduce a dynamic model that investigates the persistence and evolution of elite-dominated societies, where … exit options in the evolution of political inclusiveness across generations. An elite comparatively more mobile than the …

changed. We conclude that elite persistence dominates place-based features such as geography or population preferences in …

provinces of Iran and applying a panel fixed effects estimation method, our results show that AOD has a positive and significant …

2015 on military spending of Iran. We create a synthetic control group that mimics the socioeconomic characteristics of … Iran before the international sanctions of 2012. We then compare the military spending of the counterfactual Iran without … sanction to the factual Iran with sanction for the period of 2003-2015. Over the entire 2013-2015 period, per capita military …

sanctions, Iran's average annual growth could have been around 4 - 5 per cent, as compared to the 3 per cent realized. Sanctions …

standalone effects. In this study, we focus on the case of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent Iran-Iraq war from … levels. Had there been no revolution and war in Iran, how would income inequality have developed? Utilizing the synthetic … control method, we created a counterfactual Iran that reproduces the socioeconomic characteristics of Iran before the Islamic …