This paper examines how trade liberalization affects the innovation incentives of firms, and what this implies for … industry productivity. For this purpose we develop a reciprocal dumping model of international trade with heterogeneous firms … expected industry productivity. The central results of the paper regarding firm and industry level R&D spending differ …

We study the impact of techies—engineers and other technically trained workers—on firm-level productivity. We first … STEM-skill intensive and are associated with innovation, as well as with technology adoption, management, and diffusion …-neutral productivity in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. We find that techies raise firm-level productivity, and this …

yearly data on Muslim presence in the period 711-1492 and literacy rate in 1900 for about 7500 municipalities in Spain, we …

Spain. As an initial step, the method selected to execute the match -imputations using Bayesian Networks- is described. The …

products with intermediate productivity. Shocks to trade costs and technology affect the endogenous decision to export or … produce abroad at the product-level and, in turn, the relative productivity between parents and affiliates …