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The Political Economy of the Prussian Three-Class Franchise
Becker, Sascha O. - 2019
Did the Prussian three-class franchise, which politically over-represented the economic elite, affect policy-making? Combining MP-level political orientation, derived from all roll call votes in the Prussian parliament (1867-1903), with constituency characteristics, we analyze how local vote...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012861476
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Taxation Under Direct Democracy
Geschwind, Stephan; Roesel, Felix - 2021
Do citizens legislate different tax policies than parliaments? We provide quasi-experimental evidence for causal effects of direct democracy. Town meetings (popular assemblies) replace local councils in small German municipalities below a specific population threshold. Difference-in-differences,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013220134
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To React or Not? Fiscal Policy, Volatility and Welfare in the EU-3
Malley, Jim - 2008
implications of countercyclical fiscal policy for France, Germany and the UK. The model incorporates real wage rigidity which is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012773638
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Early Childcare Duration and Students' Later Outcomes in Europe
Boca, Daniela Del; Monfardini, Chiara; See, Sarah Grace - 2022
The importance of investment in early childhood education (ECE) has been widely documented in the literature. Among the benefits, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, is its potential to mitigate educational inequality. However, some evidence also suggests that the positive...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014079643
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One Size Does Not Fit All : TFP in the Aftermath of Financial Crises in Three European Countries
Abele, Christian; Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès; Fontagné, … - 2021
We analyse the impact of both the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and the European sovereign and banking crisis of 2011-13 on firm-level productivity in France, Italy and Spain. We show that relying on a single break date in 2008 misses both the Eurozone crisis and countries' institutional...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013246463
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COVID-Induced School Closures in the US and Germany : Long-Term Distributional Effects
Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola - 2022
dropped on average by -55% in the US and -45% in Germany from the onset of the crisis to the summer of 2021. In the US …, schools were closed longer in richer than in poorer areas, while in Germany the regional variation is much smaller. However …, Germany exhibited substantial variation by grade level, with a strong U-shaped patterns that implies that children attending …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013291960
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Natural Resources, Demand for Skills, and Schooling Choices
Butikofer, Aline; Dalla Zuanna, Antonio; Salvanes, Kjell G. - 2023
This paper studies the consequences of the buildup of a new economic sector—the Norwegian petroleum industry—on investment in human capital. We assess both short-term and long-term effects for a broad set of educational margins, by comparing individuals in regions exposed to the new sector...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014346848
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Dynamic Causal Forests, with an Application to Payroll Tax Incidence in Norway
Gavrilova, Evelina; Langørgen, Audun; Zoutman, Floris - 2023
This paper develops a machine-learning method that allows researchers to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects with panel data in a setting with many covariates. Our method, which we name the dynamic causal forest (DCF) method, extends the causal-forest method of Wager and Athey (2018) by...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014346998
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Do Audits Improve Future Tax Compliance in the Absence of Penalties? Evidence from Random Audits in Norway
Hebous, Shafik - 2020
The Norwegian Tax Administration operated multi-year random audits of personal income tax returns. We exploit this exceptional randomized setup to estimate the effects of tax audits on future compliance explicitly distinguishing between dynamic responses of compliant and noncompliant audited...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012825880
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Collusive Tax Evasion by Employers and Employees : Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment in Norway
Bjørneby, Marie - 2019
Third-party reporting and employers’ tax withholding are powerful compliance mechanisms, as long as the employer and employee do not collude to evade. Using data from randomly assigned on-site audits among 2,462 Norwegian firms, we provide evidence of collusive tax evasion. We find that firms...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012892201