democratic. Hanusch takes issue with my results - and by inference with all past empirical results on the relation between Islam …. He establishes his conclusion by excluding the heartland of Islam from the estimation sample. For his estimates, Hanusch … in the heartland of Islam. …

-day Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Much of the economics of Islam focuses on the role that Islam and Islamic institutions …This paper surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic … causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms …

—together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue that … religion can enhance or impinge upon economic growth through all four elements because it shapes individual preferences …, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

, there has been little study of the determinants of economic freedom. We investigate whether religion affects economic … Protestantism is associated with economic freedom, Islam is not, with Catholicism in between. The Protestant ethic requires economic …

mandatory for most Muslims. Second, the Islamic calendar is not synchronized with the solar cycle. We find a robust negative …This study examines the effect of religiosity on terrorism by focusing on one of the five pillars of Islam: Ramadan …

(Islamic) law. These theories take as exogenous the cultural values that complement the prevailing institutions. As a result …

terror per capita. A larger share of Muslims in society is, if anything, associated with less terrorism. Similar conclusions …