of Islamic law discouraged the formation of a strong merchant class and subsequently impeded the development of forms of …

self-esteem for immigrant girls. This is especially true for Muslims, where traditional cultural identity is particularly …

nineteenth century Habsburg Empire - one emphasizing the centrifugal impact of rising intra-empire of nationalism, the other …

We revisit Max Weber's hypothesis on the role of Protestantism for economic development. We show that nationalism is …

democratic. Hanusch takes issue with my results - and by inference with all past empirical results on the relation between Islam …. He establishes his conclusion by excluding the heartland of Islam from the estimation sample. For his estimates, Hanusch … in the heartland of Islam. …

—together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue that … religion can enhance or impinge upon economic growth through all four elements because it shapes individual preferences …, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

-day Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Much of the economics of Islam focuses on the role that Islam and Islamic institutions …This paper surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic … causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms …

, there has been little study of the determinants of economic freedom. We investigate whether religion affects economic … Protestantism is associated with economic freedom, Islam is not, with Catholicism in between. The Protestant ethic requires economic …