patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from … for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment … three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent …

HPV vaccination rates while keeping innovation incentives. We estimate the global patent buyout price as the present … to fight the disease. However, high vaccine prices enforced through patent protection are limiting vaccine expansion …, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By limiting market power, patent buyouts could reduce vaccine prices and raise …

Encouraging inventors to disclose new inventions is an important economic justification for the patent system, yet the … technical information contained in patent applications is often inadequate and unclear. This paper proposes a novel approach to … measure disclosure in patent applications using algorithms from computation allinguistics. Borrowing methods from the …

indices, namely the FTSE100 (UK), DAX30 (Germany), CAC40 (France), IBEX35 (Spain) and FTSE MIB40 (Italy), using fractional …

, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Exploiting within-country variation, we show that a one …-March until mid-May. Using Italy as a case study, we find that high-social-capital areas exhibit lower excess mortality and a …

considers sustained policy commitment to reform. The results indicate the possibility of 'growing out of bad initial conditions …

27% more likely to move back to Italy post-reform. Additionally, using social security data from the main origin country … generous income tax exemption to young high-skilled expatriates who relocate to Italy. Eligibility requires a college degree as … direct fiscal impact of the reform – a lower bound of the total effect in the presence of human capital externalities – is …