faced and their business environment. The business environment includes physical infrastructure, the availability of an …

This paper quantitatively assesses the macroeconomic effects of the recently agreed U.S. bipartisan infrastructure … types of infrastructure spending and linkages between the final and intermediate goods sectors. We find that infrastructure … multipliers above unity if infrastructure spending and rising public debt are financed by consumption, dividend and labour income …

This paper studies theoretically and empirically why and how labor policies may reduce productivity and employment in …

We adopt a spatial econometric approach to estimate intra- and inter-industry productivity spillovers in total factor … productivity transmitted through input-output relations in a sample of 13 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries. Both R …

We study the relation between the off-shoring of intermediates and services and productivity growth in the Italian … off-shoring") is beneficial for productivity growth, while the off-shoring of services is not. We also find that the way … productivity growth is there with our direct measures based on input-output data but disappears when either a broad measure or the …

face a fall in output, mark-ups and profits, and the average productivity of survivors increases. These pro …

industry productivity. For this purpose we develop a reciprocal dumping model of international trade with heterogeneous firms … expected industry productivity. The central results of the paper regarding firm and industry level R&D spending differ …

, rapidly narrowed the productivity gap with advanced economies. In contrast, in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent … States, which embarked on reforms later and contented with less depth, the productivity gap remains substantial. While the …