This paper analyzes subsidies for intracity and intercity commuting in an urban economics framework with two cities and … agglomeration externalities, where workers may commute within and between cities. First, commuting subsidies serve to internalize … agglomeration externalities: Intracity commuting subsidies give incentives to move to the larger city and intercity commuting …

domestic and foreign production of other goods. The optimal tax-subsidy scheme is based on an intuitive principle: Impose a …. Producers of renewables-based electricity should receive a subsidy to internalize their contribution to the reduction of global …

-best outcomes. We also show there exists a range of subsidy rates that are welfare-enhancing when greenhouse gas externalities are …

We estimate the causal effects of a pandemic-era wage subsidy program in Canada on job losses and business closures … changes in the wage subsidy rate. The estimated net wage elasticity of employment was 0.11, implying a small aggregate … employment effect of the program and an estimated fiscal cost per job saved of nearly $200,000 per year. Subsidy payments caused …

-shot hiring subsidy targeted at low-educated unemployed youths during the Great Recession recovery in Belgium. The subsidy …

. First, we explore the role of commuting for local labor markets and their capacity to absorb productivity shocks. Second, we … address the role of housing markets for quantitative analyses. Germany is an exciting laboratory because commuting across …

. The profound change in urban mobility patterns supports the often-held view that reducing the number of commuting trips … their location in the long run toward longer commuting trips, but cheaper housing, implying an adjustment in the real … commuting trip length …