business expectations. After controlling for the banks' refinancing costs, which are also likely to affect the supply of loans … explained by firm-specific factors nor by refinancing costs. …

quasi-exogenous increases in bank size in postwar Germany. I show that firms did not grow faster after their relationship … banks became bigger. In fact, opaque borrowers grew more slowly. The enlarged banks did not increase profits or efficiency …

This paper analyses technical efficiency of European banks over the period 1996-2003 with unbalanced panel data …

We evaluate the impact of government spending efficiency on fiscal sustainability for a panel of 35 OECD countries … revenues to changes in government spending. Next, we make use of so-called government spending efficiency scores, which … the input efficiency scores obtained, countries’ fiscal balance and fiscal sustainability is directly improved by the use …

We assess the consequences of fiscal consolidation episodes on public sector efficiency (scores) for 35 OECD countries … for the 2007-2020 period. We find that fiscal consolidations improve public sector efficiency and results are robust … across efficiency models. Moreover, peripheral euro-area economies and economies with debt-to-GDP ratios between 60% and 90 …