macro series, namely annual and quarterly real GDP and GDP per capita. The results indicate that the behaviour of US GDP can …

This paper examines the relationship between the logarithms of CO2 emissions and real GDP in China by applying …

significant negative long run association between inflation and real GDP, which is suggestive of economic inefficiencies. Once the …

countries, this paper introduces three new indicators for measuring uncertainty in Turkey's export markets from the first … quarter of 1996 to the first quarter of 2020. The indicators measure uncertainty in Turkey's export destinations. After … introducing three indicators of uncertainty for export markets, we investigate their effects on economic growth. We find that all …

WTO negotiations deal predominantly with bound - besides applied - tariff rates. But, how can reductions in tariffs … formalizes the underlying interaction of risk, fixed export costs and firms' market entry decisions based on techniques known …

Suppose that when addressing the question of “what’s left for the WTO?,” negotiators relied not on the agenda … agreement like the WTO to facilitate. These three areas include applied tariffs for countries that are not members of the WTO …, applied tariffs for WTO members that are unbound, and applied tariffs for WTO members set in the presence of large amounts of …

equilibrium effects of GATT/WTO membership on trade and welfare. Using an extensive database covering manufacturing trade for 186 … countries over the period 1980-2016, we find that the average impact of GATT/WTO membership on trade among member counties is … general equilibrium effects of GATT/WTO on welfare, which are sizable and heterogeneous across members, and relatively small …

Vietnamese firms to the 2007 WTO accession. Our result show that WTO accession is associated with higher probability of exit …

manipulate both international and domestic prices of resources, yet this policy is largely outside the disciplines of the WTO …. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes …