nuanced definitions of populism. Our contribution is both to test the walking stick claim and to present a novel dataset for … studying the economic effects of populism. We find compelling evidence for our walking stick hypothesis in both GDP per capita …

Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially … pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and … elevated economic uncertainty directly affected inflation dynamics and the incidence of hyperinflation during the interwar …