bilateral measure of market access to compare tariffs applied in 1996 and 2006, which includes the timing of the Uruguay Round … and episodes of bilateral liberalization. Our econometric estimations show that the reduced tariffs imposed on emerging …

Historically, tariffs have been an attractive policy tool to protect domestic industries. The benefits of such a policy …

as tariffs, can continue to disadvantage foreign firms. We analyze the bidding strategies in such a game and show that … when domestic profits are valued, tariffs will be used to discriminate against foreign firms. Furthermore, we find that … optimal tariffs can be more protectionist than the optimal price preference, resulting in lower expected domestic welfare and …

non-cooperative policies within a single framework. First, we compare the elasticity of trade flows to import tariffs and … in import tariffs by 1 percentage point reduces imports by around 1.4 percent. Hence the two instruments are not …

reduction in average US tariffs – larger than CUS-FTA, NAFTA, and the liberalization accompanying the granting of PNTR to China … intermediate inputs. Finally, we show that policymakers dampened the observed impact of tariffs on inequality by assigning smaller …

currently applied tariffs are “too high,” the implication being that there are still tariff reductions out there for an … agreement like the WTO to facilitate. These three areas include applied tariffs for countries that are not members of the WTO …, applied tariffs for WTO members that are unbound, and applied tariffs for WTO members set in the presence of large amounts of …

The trade war initiated by the Trump administration is the largest since the US imposed the Smoot-Hawley tariffs in the …. Our results highlight the political salience of the trade war: US trade war tariffs boosted Trump’s support but foreign … retaliation hurt Trump. In particular, the pro-Trump effects of US trade war tariffs were crucial for Trump crossing the recount …