growth, and find that it has a robust negative effect on GDP growth. This link coexists with the negative link between … variance and growth typically found in the literature. To explain the link between crises and growth we present a model where … weak institutions lead to severe financial constraints and low growth. Financial liberalization policies that facilitate …

The volatility of unanticipated output growth in income per capita is detrimental to long-run development, controlling … for initial income per capita, population growth, human capital, investment, openness and natural resource dependence … dependence, physical and institutional barriers to trade and associated policy shocks increase volatility sharply and harm growth …

Does trade openness cause higher GDP per capita? Since the seminal instrumental variables (IV) estimates of Frankel and … level to construct an instrument for multilateral openness that varies across countries and time. The instrument can be used …' performances as well as for the direct effect of disasters. We find that the elasticity of income with respect to openness is about …

growth. The results suggest that de facto and de jure globalization influence economic growth differently. Future research …

growth. The results suggest that de facto and de jure globalization influence economic growth differently. Future research …