the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of … a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development … to economic growth. We find little evidence of reverse causation as well as bi-directional causality. We interpret this …

search queries with regard to their mutual predictability, Granger-causality and cause-effect delay structure. The Bitcoin is … relatively high frequencies ranging from two to five months. In the other direction, causality runs from the cryptocurrency price … measure for the relevant frequency bands with significant causality ranges from slightly more than one month to about four …

increase in state-sponsored redistribution. We adopt a novel method of uncovering causality from non-experimental data proposed …

We present a general framework for Bayesian estimation and causality assessment in epidemiological models. The key to … distribution. We show how to use the posterior simulation outputs as inputs for exercises in causality assessment. We apply our …