We present a new approach to study empirically the effect of the introduction of the euro on currency invoicing. Our … home currency invoicing after the introduction of the euro. In addition, the euro as a vehicle currency has overtaken the … role of the US dollar in Norwegian imports. The econometric analysis shows a significant effect of euro introduction above …

the euro-dollar exchange rate, within a three-country, three-currency portfolio model. Our static model shows that the … euro-dollar rate, whatever the exchange-rate regime of China. Moving to a dynamic, stock-flow framework, we show that the …

The ultimate object of research concerning the Euro is to answer the following questions: (#1) What is the equilibrium … trajectory of the nominal euro, measured as dollars/euro? (#2) To what extent has the equilibrium nominal euro been determined by … transitory factors in affecting the value of the euro? (#4) Is the euro currently undervalued, and by what criteria? Our …

no evidence of a euro effect on trade flows among early euro adopters up to the year 2002. Second, this finding is robust … to extending the sample period to incorporate data up to 2013, covering five additional euro accessions. Third, while … there is no robust evidence of a euro effect, there is evidence that intra-EU trade flows have expanded faster than the …

conducted. - Fiscal policy in the euro area was tight in 2012-13, contributing to an unexpected fall in the GDP. Fiscal policy … has generally amplified cycles in the euro area, except in 2009. - Procyclicality is caused by short-sighted fiscal …