This paper analyses the short- and long-run effects of trade openness on financial development in a panel including … financial development level of the countries considered. In particular, it appears that in the middle-income countries trade …

This paper applies fractional integration and cointegration methods to examine respectively the univariate properties …

We investigate how protectionist policies influence short-run economic growth. Our empirical strategy exploits an … extraordinary tax scandal that gave rise to an unexpected change of government in Sweden. A free-trade majority in parliament was … method to select control countries against which economic growth in Sweden can be compared. We do not find evidence …

trade integration, exposed economies to multiple exogenous demand-side shocks. Specialization and trade integration …

monthly) are analysed using fractional integration and fractional cointegration methods. Further, recursive cointegration … exhibit long memory. There is cointegration between the ASEAN five and the US but almost none between the former and China …

-August 2020, the other from the ECB reporting average monthly values over the period January 1900-August 2020. The estimation …