the public, long-term systemic risk among banks tends to increase. From the dynamic perspective, bank penalties represent … long-term. In this respect, bank penalties resemble still waters that run deep. In contrast, a settlement with regulatory …

The possibility of creating a state bank has received much recent attention in the United States. In 2021, six states … introduced legislation to create a state bank; in 2019, similar legislation was enacted in California for municipal banks. This … to traditional private banking and identifies five questions determining the advisability of creating a state bank. The …

loan from a fintech lender than a traditional bank. Among conventional lenders, smaller banks were much less likely to lend … to show that the disparity is not primarily explained by differences in pre-existing bank or credit relationships, firm …

loan from a fintech lender than a traditional bank. Among conventional lenders, smaller banks were much less likely to lend … to show that the disparity is not primarily explained by differences in pre-existing bank or credit relationships, firm …

constrained through the U.S. bank stress tests, reflected in a lower minimum capital ratio in the severely adverse scenario. This … bigger capital buffer. We conjecture that bank lending to emerging markets during the zero-lower bound period would have been …

banking sectors to domestic government debt, thus strengthening or weakening the sovereign-bank nexus. To do so, we construct … banks’ exposure to domestic sovereign bonds in the periphery countries and thus deepens the sovereign-bank nexus. By …

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our …