Innovation is part idea generation and part development. We build a model of “innovating-bydoing,” whereby ideas come … to practitioners. Successful innovation requires that practitioners’ideas be developed through costly effort. Our model … program onmedical equipment innovation. Our model’s structure allows us to infer the Medicare program’saggregate effects. We …

innovation. These include both improvements in physical capital, such as smart grids to aid integration of intermittent … innovation and discuss the lessons learnt for policy. We then discuss the need for complementary innovation in both physical …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 …-1994. The interaction of this pre-existing network structure with patent growth in upstream technology fields has strong …

We study the prevalence and traits of global collaborative patents for U.S. public companies, where the inventor team … is located both within and outside of the United States. Collaborative patents are frequently observed when a corporation … is weak. We also connect collaborative patents to the ethnic composition of the firm’s U.S. inventors and cross …

small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used … significant effect on firms’ innovation in small and middle cities. We also find that the effect of R&D on patents is …Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic …

markups, falling labor share and productivity growth. Patents are an important obstacle to knowledge diffusion. We find an … inverse U-shaped relationship between patent strength and growth: moderate levels of patent protection can stimulate growth …

in imports from China on innovation in the US manufacturing sector. We combine patent, firm and trade data during 1990 … positive effect on firm innovation, as measured by citation-weighted patent applications. This positive effect persists when we …-wage countries, especially China. Does this competition hurt or help innovation by firms? This paper studies the effect of the surge …