which banks are to be shut down before they can go bankrupt, and (ii) a loss allocation – or bailout – decision of who pays … contrast, bailout policies are centralized only when international spillovers from cross-border bank ownership are strong, and …

The Greek bail-out was highly controversial. An oft-heard assessment is that i) the bail-out was a mistake, ii) the … political haggling over it was irrational and iii) the bail-out will create a moral hazard problem. Contrary to this view, our … analysis suggests that, given EMU's present political-economic set-up, i) the bail-out was unavoidable, ii) the lengthy process …