Using Credit Default Swap spreads, we construct a forward-looking, market-implied carbon risk factor and show that … carbon risk affects firms’ credit spread. The effect is larger for European than North American firms and varies … to carbon risk when market-wide concern about climate change risk is elevated. Finally, lenders expect that adjustments …

Tax administrations use machine learning to predict risk scores as a basis for selecting individual taxpayers for audit … compliance effects of audits among high-risk wage earners. We exploit a sharp audit assignment discontinuity in Norway based on … individual tax payers risk score. Additional data from a random audit allow us to estimate how the audit effect vary across the …

, increased division of labor in research, intense publication pressure, academic fraud, dilution of the concept of 'university …

behavior by sellers. This paper presents the results of a natural field experiment on taxi rides in Athens, Greece, set up to … measure different types of fraud and to examine the influence of passengers' presumed information and income on the extent of … fraud. Results reveal that taxi drivers cheat passengers in systematic ways: Passengers with inferior information about …

We study the extent of fraud in initial coin offerings (ICOs), and whether information disclosure prior to the issuance … predicts fraud. We document different types of fraud, and that fraudulent ICOs are on average much larger than the sample … suggests that there are risks related to disclosing the code. Generally, we find it extremely difficult to predict fraud with …

There are two important problems in welfare benefit programs: the prevalence of welfare fraud, in which ineligible … the long run, one of which entails low welfare fraud and 100% incomplete take-up and the other of which entails high … welfare fraud and complete take-up in either model, and, moreover, that an interior stationary equilibrium that allows for the …

evasion. We analyze the impact of the widely introduced e-invoicing in Italy on cross-border value-added tax fraud. As a proxy … for this tax fraud, we make use of the discrepancy in trade data that is double-reported in both the importing and … remaining countries of the European Union. Our results suggest a significant decline in cross-border fraud in response to the …