We study the desirability of interventionist harmonization of legal standards across multiple, mutually interdependent … standard-setting with two means of interventionist harmonization: through centralization and through allocation of lawmaking … delineating the scope for, and the appropriate means of, interventionist harmonization. We find that greater jurisdictional …

This paper shows that under imperfect competition the welfare effects of indirect tax harmonization may depend …, while harmonization always makes at least one country better off, and may be Pareto-improving, when taxes are levied under … the destination principle (which currently applies in the European Union), harmonization of origin-based taxes (as …

global regime of patent protection and asking whether harmonization of patent policies is necessary or sufficient for global …

geography of trade costs across Central Europe. There are three key results. First, the German Empire before 1914 was a poorly … integrated economy, both relative to integration across the borders of the German state and in absolute terms. Second, this … barriers that divided Germany along natural trade routes into eastern and western parts. Third, internal integration improved …

-West border; political integration is not rapidly followed by economic integration. Instead, we estimate that it takes at least …

This article analyzes the consequences of integration in public education. I show that the flight from the integrated … among more affluent parents whose children flee. In contrast, among less prosperous parents, integration in public education … rich, who can resort to private education. I also analyze the overall society-wide effect of the integration policy and …

concentration on social integration. The exogenous placement of immigrants switches off observable and unobservable differences in …-ethnics increases migrants' interaction cost with natives and thus reduces the likelihood of integration. …

’s preferences. Furthermore, interaction of groups implies more extreme initial behavior but also faster integration. …