This paper documents that an appreciation of the U.S. dollar is associated with a reduction in the supply of commercial … and industrial loans by U.S. banks. An increase in the broad dollar index by 2.5 points (one standard deviation) reduces U … secondary market where prices fall and liquidity worsens when the dollar appreciates, with stronger effects for riskier loans …

the euro-dollar exchange rate, within a three-country, three-currency portfolio model. Our static model shows that the … euro-dollar rate, whatever the exchange-rate regime of China. Moving to a dynamic, stock-flow framework, we show that the …

a "global monetary cycle" with other countries partially pegging their exchange rates to the dollar and importing the … rest of the world. International cooperation benefits other countries by improving global demand for dollar-invoiced goods …

provides an important role model for China, this paper studies the role of the yen/dollar exchange rate for Japanese monetary …

In this paper, sound public finances under the euro means sustainability in the long term instead of short- and medium …-term fiscal discipline. The challenges to sustainability are identified for the four largest euro area member states, and several … resort for a euro area government under liquidity shortage to prevent it from developing into a general financial crisis …

euro area, including the most recent developments during the coronavirus crisis. Several financial transmission channels … of euro area central banks are identified. It is found that differing fiscal policy stances which have interacted … the euro area. Since the European financial and debt crisis, public financing mechanisms and the unconventional monetary …

October 2009 and September 2012, the most intense phase of the eurozone crisis. Dollar liquidity clearly reduced stress in … bond markets and improved economic sentiment, as reflected in higher equity prices. In contrast, passive euro liquidity …

In this paper, sound public finances under the euro means sustainability in the long term instead of short- and medium …-term fiscal discipline. The challenges to sustainability are identified for the four largest euro area member states, and several … resort for a euro area government under liquidity shortage to prevent it from developing into a general financial crisis …

role of the US dollar in Norwegian imports. The econometric analysis shows a significant effect of euro introduction above …We present a new approach to study empirically the effect of the introduction of the euro on currency invoicing. Our … home currency invoicing after the introduction of the euro. In addition, the euro as a vehicle currency has overtaken the …