new instrument for democracy and the extension of the franchise, the effect of decolonisation on democracy in the … franchise to women increases the effect on average stature to about 1.7cm. The effect is driven by both political participation …

We investigate how firms adapt to trademark protection, an extensively used but underexamined form of IP protection, by … exploring a historical precedent: China's trademark law of 1923—an unanticipated and disapproved response to end foreign … the trademark law shaped firm dynamics on all sides of trademark conflicts. The law spurred growth and brand investment …

input to an external firm, transforming the licensee into its input supplier. We find that the incumbent opts for licensing … even when licensing also transforms the licensee into one of its direct competitors in the final products market. In fact … faces, it reinforces, instead of weakens, the licensing incentives. Furthermore, the licensee's entry augments the positive …

uncertainty, firms frequently engage in R&D collaborations, e.g., Research Joint Ventures (RJVs), and licensing agreements. While … RJVs are well explored in the literature, very little is known about the use of licensing agreements. Building on a novel … database which includes licensing agreements in the semiconductor industry between 1989 and 1999, we estimate a bivariate …

(RJV), non-cooperative RJV and licensing. In the cooperative (non-cooperative) RJV, the firms (do not) internalize R …&D spillovers. We show that, for the domestic firm, the cooperative RJV dominates and licensing is the least desirable alternative …. Although licensing is dominant for the foreign firm, it is not implementable. Both RJVs are implementable. While the non …

technology, and the importance of creative re-use and new licensing and business models. We then set out avenues for further … technology that enables algorithmic licensing, and copyright issues related to software, data and artificial intelligence. …