driven by knowledge flows that are triggered by emigrants. While skilled migrants are not inventing in their home country … anymore, they contribute to cross-border knowledge and technology diffusion and thus help less advanced countries to catch up …

The loans of the IMF, World Bank, and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) are excluded from debt restructuring …

Should the European Union grant state aid through an institution like the European Investment bank? This paper …

We study the effects of two dimensions of teacher quality, subject knowledge and didactic skills, on student learning … individual-level information on student achievement and country-level measures of teacher subject knowledge and didactic skills … knowledge has a large positive effect on student achievement, whereas the effect of didactic skills is comparatively small and …

Do knowledge intense jobs exhibit lower gender gaps in wages? Here we use a linked employeremployee dataset of the … entire Brazilian formal labor force to study the relationship between gender wage gaps and the knowledge intensity of …, and that the effect of knowledge intensity is stronger when the demand for skilled labor is high and the supply of skilled …

capital standards, and cost of bank equity determine credit reallocation, sectoral expansion and trade patterns …

Following Garicano (2000), we consider groups whose members decide what knowledge to acquire and how to use this … knowledge in production. If efficient production requires common knowledge, all group members should become workers and acquire … common knowledge. But if efficient production requires diverse knowledge, one group member should become manager, acquire …

in knowledge creation. This paper studies the effects of explicit and implicit, career concerns incentives common in … knowledge work in a multitasking model, and estimates their causal effort and selection effects in knowledge creation by …

-based measures of systemic bank shocks (SBS). These measures differ from 'banking crisis' (BC) indicators employed in many empirical … studies, which are constructed using primarily information on government actions undertaken in response to bank distress … that BC indicators actually measure lagged policy responses to systemic bank shocks. We then re-examine the impact of …