driven by knowledge flows that are triggered by emigrants. While skilled migrants are not inventing in their home country … anymore, they contribute to cross-border knowledge and technology diffusion and thus help less advanced countries to catch up …

The loans of the IMF, World Bank, and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) are excluded from debt restructuring …

Should the European Union grant state aid through an institution like the European Investment bank? This paper …

capital standards, and cost of bank equity determine credit reallocation, sectoral expansion and trade patterns …

Following Garicano (2000), we consider groups whose members decide what knowledge to acquire and how to use this … knowledge in production. If efficient production requires common knowledge, all group members should become workers and acquire … common knowledge. But if efficient production requires diverse knowledge, one group member should become manager, acquire …

in knowledge creation. This paper studies the effects of explicit and implicit, career concerns incentives common in … knowledge work in a multitasking model, and estimates their causal effort and selection effects in knowledge creation by …

-based measures of systemic bank shocks (SBS). These measures differ from 'banking crisis' (BC) indicators employed in many empirical … studies, which are constructed using primarily information on government actions undertaken in response to bank distress … that BC indicators actually measure lagged policy responses to systemic bank shocks. We then re-examine the impact of …

This study is an empirical investigation of theoretical predictions concerning the impact of bank competition on bank … banking increases, the loan-to-asset ratio will rise (under reasonable assumptions), but the probability of bank failure can … either increase or decrease. However, the probability of bank failure will fall if and only if borrowers' response to take on …