fractional integration and cointegration methods. The univariate results indicate that the two series are highly persistent …, their orders of integration being around 2, whilst the cointegration tests (using both standard and fractional techniques … growth rates are linked together in the long run. This suggests the need for environmental policies aimed at reducing …

implementing recent bootstrap panel unit root tests and cointegration techniques to investigate the relationship between carbon … dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981 …-2005. Our results show that in the long-run energy consumption has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions. More …

This paper applies fractional integration and cointegration methods to examine respectively the univariate properties …

modelling of pollution and pollution abatement. We derive two key insights. First, if the national government implements a … permit system (equivalently, pollution taxes) that allow for emissions as in the first-best, cities chosen by local …-best emission policy and extensions to city asymmetries, a fiscal externality, local pollution, generalized commuting costs and …

We investigate how protectionist policies influence short-run economic growth. Our empirical strategy exploits an … method to select control countries against which economic growth in Sweden can be compared. We do not find evidence … suggesting that protectionist policies influenced economic growth and examine channels why. The new tariff laws increased …