Discounting has to take account of ecosystem services in consumption and production. Previous literature focuses on the … first aspect and shows the importance of the relative price effect, for given growth rates of consumption and ecosystem … services. This paper focuses on intermediate ecosystem services in production and shows that for limited substitutability and a …

In an integrated economy-ecosystem model humans choose their land use and leave the residual land as habitat for three … species forming a food chain. The size of habitat determines the diversity and abundance of species. That biodiversity … generates, in turn, a flow of ecosystem services with public-good characteristics for human consumption. The ecosystem submodel …

between nations. Production of output necessarily involves pollution and degrading the environment. Therefore, environmental …? National income accounts do not take into account non-market activities. Some progress has been made in the theory and …

This paper presents a first model integrating the relation between biodiversity loss and zoonose pandemic risks in a … preserve a greater quantity of biodiversity, thus decreasing the probability of a pandemic occurring, and second (mitigation … biodiversity conservation is shown to be more relevant for more “forward looking” societies, with a small discount rate and a high …