In 2006, the reform of the German fiscal constitution realigned legislative powers between the federal and the state … whether government ideology predicts the levels and increases in the real estate transfer tax rates; and show that leftwing …

Italian reform of the local personal income tax (PIT), which was flat before the intervention, that allows mayors to introduce … and we find that the reform consistently amplifies political budget cycle of local PIT. In terms of mechanism …

roughly 17 million German properties for the period from 2005 to 2019. We exploit a 2006 constitutional reform that allows …. Twelve months after a reform, a one percentage point increase in the tax rate reduces property prices by on average 3 …

not as strongly correlated with income. Quantitatively a revenue-neutral reform from a standard property tax to a LVT at …

This paper describes the role of government ideology on economic policy-making in the United States. I consider studies …, measurement of government ideology and empirical strategies to identify causal effects. Many studies conclude that parties do …, but these studies using data for the national level do not derive causal effects. Ideology-induced policies are prevalent …

Previous studies used general government data to examine whether national governments' electoral motives and ideology … governments and in election years; especially in federal states. Effects of government ideology on the individual expenditure … categories are larger at the central than general government level. Scholars need to re-examine results on ideology …

salaries of civil servants in the German states. Since a reform in 2006, German state governments are allowed to design … themselves and decide on their own salaries: government ideology is also not shown to predict salaries of cabinet members … data from other federal states such as the United States to examine how government ideology influences salaries of civil …