This study investigates the case of Iran to evaluate how changes in the intensity of international sanctions affect … terrorism risk. In contrast, the risk of civil war declines after an increase in sanction intensity. These findings for Iran … indicate that higher intensity sanctions may allow sender country governments to put pressure on target country political …

This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … significant international sanctions. By comparing the middle-class size of this counterfactual Iran with the actual Iran that … sanctions on the middle-class size of Iran from 2012 to 2019 is highly statistically significant. Finally, we provide evidence …

especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … education expenditures in short term. If sanctions are successful to change the political behavior of Iran in short run (Dizaji … development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become …

We study the short and long run responses of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas rent shocks in Iran … different channels potentially affecting the income distribution in Iran. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and … accommodate the possible positive or negative effects on inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against …

Iran before the international sanctions of 2012. We then compare the military spending of the counterfactual Iran without …We use the synthetic control method to estimate the effect of international banking and energy sanctions from 2012 to … 2015 on military spending of Iran. We create a synthetic control group that mimics the socioeconomic characteristics of …

of geoeconomic policy tools such as sanctions and embargoes. Second, the geopolitics of international trade, especially …

Sanctions encompass a wide set of policy instruments restricting cross-border economic activities. In this paper, we … study how different types of sanctions affect the export behaviour of firms to the targeted countries. We combine Danish … register data, including information on firm-destination-specific exports, with information on sanctions imposed by Denmark …

This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the …-R3 has been amended with a new variable that distinguishes between unilateral and multilateral sanctions. As before, the … highlight one of the new features of the GSDB, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of unilateral and multilateral sanctions on …

This paper examines the impact of coalitions on the economic costs of the 2012 Iran and 2014 Russia sanctions. By … losses for sanctions senders and target; (ii) compare prospective coalition partners; (iii) investigate "optimal" coalitions … that maximise payoff from sanctions; (iv) provide bounds for sanctions potential, i.e. the maximum welfare change …