especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … education expenditures in short term. If sanctions are successful to change the political behavior of Iran in short run (Dizaji … development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become …

Iran before the international sanctions of 2012. We then compare the military spending of the counterfactual Iran without …We use the synthetic control method to estimate the effect of international banking and energy sanctions from 2012 to … 2015 on military spending of Iran. We create a synthetic control group that mimics the socioeconomic characteristics of …

We study the short and long run responses of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas rent shocks in Iran … different channels potentially affecting the income distribution in Iran. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and … accommodate the possible positive or negative effects on inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against …

Using a new, global data base covering the years 1950 to 2015, we study the impact of sanctions on international trade … literature. Starting with a broad evaluation by sanction type, we carefully investigate the case of Iran. Effects are significant …

sanctions. …

sanctions insured unemployed whose effort is deemed insufficient. The model reveals that such schemes provide incentives to the …

We investigate the effects of US-imposed trade sanctions on the global trade patterns of sanctioned countries by … partial and complete US sanctions lead to significant reductions in bilateral trade between the US and target countries as … well as between target and third countries. A unit increase in the intensity of complete trade sanctions in place reduces …

We empirically analyze the effect of UN and US economic sanctions on life expectancy and its gender gap in target … matching approach to account for the endogeneity of sanctions. Our results indicate that an average episode of UN sanctions … reduces life expectancy by about 1.2–1.4 years. The corresponding decrease of 0.4–0.5 years under US sanctions is …