current net nutrition. Across the weight distribution and throughout the 19th century, white and black average weights … decreased by 8.5 and 6.3 percent, respectively. Farmers and unskilled workers had positive weight returns associated with rural …

, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI does not fully isolate the effects of current net nutrition. After controlling for … height as a measure for current net nutrition, this study uses the weight of a sample of international men in US prisons …

, 19th century weight was higher in states with greater average wealth and population density and lower in states with … measures for cumulative and current net nutrition. However, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI is the ratio of current to … cumulative net nutrition, therefore, does not fully isolate changes in current net nutrition. This study uses weight after …

positive in each location, it is also systematically related to density: firms with higher (lower) TFP-R account for a larger …

This paper synthesises the state of knowledge on the economic effects of density. We consider 15 outcome categories and … 209 estimates of density elasticities from 103 studies. More than 50% of these estimates have not been previously … own estimates of density elasticities of 16 distinct outcome variables that belong to categories where the evidence base …

important. Geographical distance plays a major role in location decisions, a finding that is especially pronounced for workers …

This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders … border effects stem from the metropolitan level rather than state. Second, border and distance effects decrease with the age … distance effects are interestingly increasing. Finally, we find that (assignee) self-citations and aggregation bias are two …