that the payroll tax cut generates long-lasting growth in female employment, reduces the time spent on welfare, and spurs … business growth, without crowding out male employment. By contrast, the tax cut does not raise net wages, suggesting that tax … labor and tackle the gender employment gap, but they are not sufficient for reducing the gender pay gap …

are also found to have adverse effects on employment, labor force participation, secondary and high-school education, with …

are also found to have adverse effects on employment, labor force participation, secondary and high-school education, with …

, but ii) emerge if a second activity (“sponsor international terrorism”) is not verifiable, and the sanctioning countries … from abandoning the international economic order. In the context of the US-Iran-EU conflict, I argue that the oil and gas …

costlessly enforced. The costs of insecurity and the resultant conflict are, however, real and often economically significant. In … this paper, we examine how international trade regimes affect the costs of conflict and, in turn, how the desirability of … international trade is affected by these costs. We consider both domestic and international conflict. Trade openness reduces the …

We develop a theory of interstate conflict in which the degree of genealogical relatedness between populations has a … positive effect on their conflict propensities because more closely related populations, on average, tend to interact more and … that affect conflict, including measures of trade and democracy. …

goals with non-violent as compared to violent means, distinguishing terrorism from insurgencies. It is hypothesized that …

We provide evidence about the mechanisms linking resource-related income shocks to conflict. Combining temporal … prices reduce conflict over the 2002-2014 period in Afghanistan. There are two main mechanisms. First, household living …

We analyze how trade openness matters for interstate conflict over productive resources. Our analysis features a terms …, greater trade openness brings with it a reduction in resources diverted to conflict and thus wasted, as well as the familiar … with a third (friendly) country, a move from autarky to trade intensifies conflict between the two adversaries, inducing …