This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the …-R3 has been amended with a new variable that distinguishes between unilateral and multilateral sanctions. As before, the … highlight one of the new features of the GSDB, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of unilateral and multilateral sanctions on …

Using a new, global data base covering the years 1950 to 2015, we study the impact of sanctions on international trade … literature. Starting with a broad evaluation by sanction type, we carefully investigate the case of Iran. Effects are significant … perform a counterfactual analysis which translates our partial equilibrium sanction estimates into heterogeneous but intuitive …

Economic theory suggests that the deterrence of deviant behavior is driven by a combination of severity and certainty … of punishment. This paper presents the first controlled experiment to study a third important factor that has been mainly … overlooked: the swiftness of formal sanctions. We consider two dimensions: the timing at which the uncertainty about whether one …

We empirically analyze the effect of UN and US economic sanctions on life expectancy and its gender gap in target … matching approach to account for the endogeneity of sanctions. Our results indicate that an average episode of UN sanctions … reduces life expectancy by about 1.2–1.4 years. The corresponding decrease of 0.4–0.5 years under US sanctions is …

Although international sanctions are a widely used instrument of coercion, their economic effects are still not fully … sanctions, thereby accounting for pre-treatment dynamics in countries subject to sanctions. Our analysis focuses on the effects … of sanctions on GDP growths as well as various transmission channels through which sanctions affect economic activity. We …

How effective are “smart” sanctions in imposing costs on an adversary? We consider this question in a model where a … estimate the impact on firm performance from smart sanctions deployed by the U.S. and EU against Russia beginning in 2014. We …-strategic firms under sanctions, implying a cost of shielding to the regime that adds substantially to the total cost of sanctions. …

countries around the world, including Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and possibly the United States …-of-the-art structural gravity model for major economies around the world. We find that ‘Global Britain’ yields insufficient trade creation …

willingness to pay for sanctions against Russia, the most cost-efficient sanction is a uniform tariff on all Russian products of …Trade sanctions are a common instrument of diplomatic retaliation. To guide current and future policy, we ask: What is … the most cost-efficient way to impose trade sanctions against Russia? We build a quantitative model of international trade …

sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …A frequently employed argument against imposing international sanctions is that rival superpowers are likely to bust … sanctions to simultaneously shield the target, harm the sender, and make a profit. We evaluate the legitimacy of this concern by …