A large literature suggests that the expected equity risk premium is countercyclical. Using a variety of different … measures for this risk premium, we document that it also exhibits growth asymmetry, i.e. the risk premium rises sharply in … which agents cannot perfectly observe the state of current productivity, can generate the observed asymmetry in the risk …

We examine subjective risk premia implied by return expectations of individual investors and professionals for … excess returns suggest that objective risk premia vary countercyclically with business cycle variables and aggregate asset … valuation measures, subjective risk premia extracted from survey data do not comove much with these variables. This lack of …

asymmetric risk premia over the business cycle. These (empirical) key features become relevant, and asset market implications …-form expressions for the risk premium in production economies. In contrast to endowment economies, the curvature of the policy … functions affects the risk premium through controlling the individual's effective risk aversion. …

increasing term structure for the risk premium. It also implies that, under the assumption that the cumulants of the distribution … investment is larger than half of relative risk aversion. Another important consequence of parametric uncertainty is that the … risk premium is not proportional to the beta of the investment. We apply these general results to the case of an uncertain …

risk premium, as well as its volatility. The analysis applies fractional integration methods to data for the US, Germany … weekly). The empirical findings in most cases imply that the market risk premium is a highly persistent variable which can be …

to compensate for risk. Real ex-post returns averaged 7% annually across two centuries, including default episodes, major … and with the degree of credit risk in this market, as measured by historical default and recovery rates. Based on our …