This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis …. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower …-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students’ exposure …

’ choices of school sector. We document four central facts. First, public school enrollment declined noticeably in fall 2020 … driven by homeschooling rates jumping substantially, driven largely by families with children in elementary school. Third …

, even after conditioning on prior measures of school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low …

-market participation and earnings. The reform did not affect ethical and political values or non-religious school outcomes …

strategies. To explain the data, we introduce expectation-based loss aversion into a school-choice setting and characterize …

births on school grades using sibling fixed effect models which compare individuals with their non-preterm siblings. We test … for heterogeneous effects by degree of prematurity, as well as whether family socioeconomic resources and school … effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of …

which combined the two lower secondary school tracks, sometimes additionally offering the possibility to acquire a … school degree, attending the most academic track, or repeating a grade …

comportment grading across German federal states to estimate its causal effect on students’ school-to-work transitions as well …

school track suitable for their child, changing the purpose of the primary teacher's recommendation from mandatory to … rates to the higher school tracks increased substantially, with stronger responses among children from richer districts …. Simultaneously, grade repetition in the first grades of secondary school increased dramatically, suggesting that parents choose …