The present complexity approach is based on two assumptions: A1: measurability of deviations of outcomes with respect … to reference values; A2 : extension of A1 to multi-set analysis. Complexity is then defined in terms of multi …-set deviation compared to single-set ones; an interpretation is given in terms of information costs; examples show the relevance of …

and OPU shocks are larger when allowing for asymmetries in the context of the NARDL framework. Further, EPU shocks …

important. Geographical distance plays a major role in location decisions, a finding that is especially pronounced for workers …

This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders … border effects stem from the metropolitan level rather than state. Second, border and distance effects decrease with the age … distance effects are interestingly increasing. Finally, we find that (assignee) self-citations and aggregation bias are two …

bilateral distance, tariffs, and the quality of their exports. Under the assumption that trade costs are both ad valorem and per … unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are …

This article investigates whether the distance between origin and destination has played an increased role in shaping … 2012 are years of economic recession. The analytical tool employed is a gravity model. Our results document that distance …