panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries’ trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …

Using Russia as a case study and a global VAR model as a methodological tool, we analyze how heightened geopolitical … response functions in response to the skyrocketing Russian geo-political risk shock after Russia's invasion of Ukraine revealed …