those that were not. When a justice's choice decides the outcome of a case, her ideology plays an even greater role in …

election relative to an analogous impact for men who closely win or lose a state legislature election. We find that the effect …

, in turn, new populist parties that offer more polarized platforms. I investigate whether government ideology influences … evaluating how government/party ideology influences individual policies, previous econometric studies ignored initiatives in … ideology-induced policies implemented by established parties. Dragnet- controls confine citizens’ liberties, but may help to …

and the ideology of politicians campaigning for the House of Representatives in the 1992-2016 period. Implementing various … polarization measures based on ideology data derived from 16 million campaign finance contributors, our results show that migrant …

from the right and one from the left, using panel data from 290 municipal election districts. To identify causal effects … incumbency advantage in the next election. Exploring possible mechanisms, we find evidence that when the anti-immigrant party … wins a marginal seat, they experience higher levels of politician turnover before the next election and receive negative …