Are retaliatiory tariffs politically targeted and, if so, are they effective? Do countries designing a retaliation … particularly, for Mexico and Canada, the chosen retaliation appears suboptimal: there exist alternative retaliation bundles that …

What causes U.S. trade with Mexico and Canada to continue growing faster, for up to a decade, relative to countries … delayed pass-through of tariffs into import prices could cause such prolonged differential import growth. We examine how … tariff cuts negotiated under the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affected …

card platforms, adopt multi-part tariffs. We show that ad valorem taxes can correct underprovision and hence increase … result in different settings, including vertically interlinked markets, markets where firms adopt menus of tariffs to screen … consumers and where they compete with multi-part tariffs. Our results suggest that exempting these markets from taxation may be …

We study, theoretically and empirically, how countries choose intra-bloc tariffs and preferential margins when they … to a customs union (where members coordinate external tariffs). Moreover, in customs unions (but not necessarily in free …

structural model of endogenous tariff evasion, one which then highlights the importance of both tariffs and border enforcement …

This paper uses a new dataset on the universe of Canadian imports and tariffs between 1924 and 1936, disaggregated into … tariffs which varied substantially across goods, trade partners, and time. We develop a novel method of controlling for … the impact of tariffs on trade flows. The overall impact of post-1929 tariff shifts, including the 1932 agreements, was …