corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

We study how the shadow economy affects pollution and how this effect depends on corruption levels in public … be accompanied by higher pollution levels. Our theoretical model predicts that controlling the levels of corruption can … levels of pollution are dependent on the levels of corruption. Our results hold when we control for the effects of other …

This paper develops a simple framework to analyze the links between corruption and the unofficial economy and their …

social capital; then, social capital determines the level of corruption; finally, corruption affects economic performance. We … test this hypothesis on a dataset of Italian provinces, and address the possible endogeneity of corruption by applying an … IV model. We use three sets of historical instruments for corruption: 1) foreign dominations in 16th-17th century, 2 …

lack of rule of law, corruption, presidential democracies, and underdeveloped financial systems. Another hypothesis is that … a resource boom reinforces rent grabbing and civil conflict especially if institutions are bad, induces corruption …