the most cost-efficient way to impose trade sanctions against Russia? We build a quantitative model of international trade … minimize Russia’s income, with different weights placed on these objectives. We find, first, that for countries with low … willingness to pay for sanctions against Russia, the most cost-efficient sanction is a uniform tariff on all Russian products of …

period of coverage from 1950-2019 to 1950-2022, which includes two special periods – COVID-19 and the war between Russia and … Ukraine. The new update of the GSDB contains a total of 1,325 cases. In response to multiple inquiries and requests, the GSDB … trade. We also obtain estimates of the effects on trade of the 2014 sanctions on Russia …

. The MP links significantly amplified the impact of these shocks on the rest of the world, which had a much greater impact …

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused disruptions in international trade and highlighted the dependency of small … globalization and import dependency as a short-term reaction to economic turbulences and geopolitical upheaval at the onset of war …

This paper uses a survey among students at European universities to explore whether Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has … affected attitudes toward European integration. Some respondents completed the survey just before Russia’s assault on February …. In effect, the war so close to the EU Eastern border provoked a rally around the supranational EU flag, with convergence …