empirical analysis exploits two-stage elections in the United States and Italy to hold the selection of candidates constant. In … two-stage elections, candidates are admitted to the second round of voting based on the outcome of the first round. I find …-lasting effects on career trajectories. Women are substantially less likely than men to win future elections and to climb the …

the long-run however, the effect is instead compositional in the sense that ex-politicians receive more pension income and …

,448 candidates running in the local council elections of 2002, 2008 and 2014 across 1,632 municipalities in the German state of …

We ask three questions. First, do election systems differ in how they translate physical attractiveness of candidates … German election system that combines first-past-the-post election with party-list proportional representation, our results … show that plurality elections provide more scope for translating physical attractiveness into electoral success than …

educational performance information may incentivize politicians to implement welfare-enhancing reforms …

from the right and one from the left, using panel data from 290 municipal election districts. To identify causal effects … elections where a party either barely wins or loses an additional seat. We estimate that a one seat increase for the far … incumbency advantage in the next election. Exploring possible mechanisms, we find evidence that when the anti-immigrant party …