countries in the referendum and initiative use. We apply a number of estimation techniques. We find that per capita income … the estimation technique. Political rights and stability also work as prerequisites to direct democracy. Direct democracy …This paper investigates on the demographic, economic, political and cultural determinants of direct democracy in 87 …

which lead to these hypotheses are presented as well as the theory of expressive voting, and a survey of the available … theory of expressive voting. …

general democracy index for 87 countries shows that a higher degree of direct democracy leads to lower budget deficits and …

We study whether a democracy improves a measure of individual wellbeing; human heights. Drawing on individual …-level datasets, we test the hypothesis using a battery of eight different measures of democracy and derived averages, and include … models accounting for several confounders, regional and cohort fixed effects. We document that democracy - or its quality …

changed significantly since the 2016 EU referendum. A lot of area characteristics, many of which were previously associated …, carried by protest voters, who used the EU referendum to voice their discontent with domestic social and economic developments …

democracy has a constraining, but modest effect on spending. Our estimates suggest that a mandatory budget referendum reduces …Using a new dataset of Swiss cantons from 1890 to 2000, we estimate the causal effect of direct democracy on government … spending by 2.2 percent. We find no evidence that direct democracy at the canton level results in higher local spending or a …