small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used … significant effect on firms’ innovation in small and middle cities. We also find that the effect of R&D on patents is …Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic …

.S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure …Manufacturing accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The competitive shock to this sector … emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U …

Innovation is part idea generation and part development. We build a model of “innovating-bydoing,” whereby ideas come … to practitioners. Successful innovation requires that practitioners’ideas be developed through costly effort. Our model … program onmedical equipment innovation. Our model’s structure allows us to infer the Medicare program’saggregate effects. We …

are emphasized in patent documents. Our analysis of historical patents yields three primary facts. First, we find that the …We analyze wartime prosthetic device patents to investigate how demand and procurement policy can shape medical … innovation. We use machine learning tools to develop new data describing the aspects of medical and mechanical innovations that …

countries can simultaneously use patent boxes and R&D subsidies to promote innovation. We show that when countries set their tax … policies unilaterally, innovation is fostered, at the margin, only by the R&D subsidy. The patent box tax rate is instead …Many countries have introduced patent box regimes in recent years, offering a reduced tax rate to businesses for their …

patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from … for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment … three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that inventions of higher quality are … entrepreneurial effort allocated to high-quality invention projects. Using data on patents granted to small firms and individuals, we …

attracting patents, mostly because of their favourable tax treatment, especially for high-quality patents. Patent boxes with a …Patent boxes have been heavily debated for their role in corporate tax competition. This paper uses firm-level data for … determinants of patent registration across a large sample of countries. Importantly, we disentangle the effects of corporate income …