costlessly enforced. The costs of insecurity and the resultant conflict are, however, real and often economically significant. In … this paper, we examine how international trade regimes affect the costs of conflict and, in turn, how the desirability of … international trade is affected by these costs. We consider both domestic and international conflict. Trade openness reduces the …

In this study, we look at the association between COVID-19 fatality rate and internal conflict, highlighting the … COVID-19 fatality rates are likely to be positively associated with internal conflict in countries with lower levels of … countries, the estimation results demonstrate that the positive effect of COVID-19 fatality rates on internal conflict may …

We study the effect of a corruption reflection index on internal conflict in Iran using a novel measure of corruption …

from abandoning the international economic order. In the context of the US-Iran-EU conflict, I argue that the oil and gas …

We develop a theory of interstate conflict in which the degree of genealogical relatedness between populations has a … positive effect on their conflict propensities because more closely related populations, on average, tend to interact more and … that affect conflict, including measures of trade and democracy. …