patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from … for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment … three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent …

HPV vaccination rates while keeping innovation incentives. We estimate the global patent buyout price as the present … to fight the disease. However, high vaccine prices enforced through patent protection are limiting vaccine expansion …, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By limiting market power, patent buyouts could reduce vaccine prices and raise …

Encouraging inventors to disclose new inventions is an important economic justification for the patent system, yet the … technical information contained in patent applications is often inadequate and unclear. This paper proposes a novel approach to … measure disclosure in patent applications using algorithms from computation allinguistics. Borrowing methods from the …

We examine the extent to which government ideology has influenced monetary policy in OECD countries since the 1970s. In … the 1972-2010 period, Taylor rule specifications do not suggest a relationship between government ideology and monetary … policy was, however, associated with government ideology in the 1990s: short-term nominal interest rates were lower under …

, in turn, new populist parties that offer more polarized platforms. I investigate whether government ideology influences … ideology-induced policies implemented by established parties. Dragnet- controls confine citizens’ liberties, but may help to … evaluating how government/party ideology influences individual policies, previous econometric studies ignored initiatives in …

those that were not. When a justice's choice decides the outcome of a case, her ideology plays an even greater role in …

. Based on a simple model, we propose that what partly explains the particular internal structure of political ideology is …

and the ideology of politicians campaigning for the House of Representatives in the 1992-2016 period. Implementing various … polarization measures based on ideology data derived from 16 million campaign finance contributors, our results show that migrant …