Based on annual data for growth and inflation forecasts for Germany covering the time span from 1970 to 2007 and up to 17 different forecasts per year, we test for a possible asymmetry of the forecasters' loss function and estimate the degree of asymmetry for each forecasting institution using...

Aggregated output in industrialized countries has become less volatile over the past decades. Whether this quot;Great Moderationquot; can be found in firm level data as well remains disputed. We study the evolution of firm level output volatility using a balanced panel dataset on German firms...