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We model the optimal reaction of a public PAYG pension system to demographic shocks. We compare the ex-ante first best and second best solution of a Ramsey planner with full commitment to the outcome under simple third best rules that mimic the pension systems observed in the real world. The...
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We extend the canonical income process with persistent and transitory risk to shock distributions with left-skewness and excess kurtosis, to which we refer as higher-order risk. We estimate our extended income process by GMM for household data from the United States. We find countercyclical...
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in West Germany's districts. The results indicate that collection rates are set in response to the fiscal decisions of …
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actually favors stabilization. In an empirical analysis for Germany, the paper adds support for the finding of significant … regional stabilization by fiscal flows. The results indicate that about 17 % of GDP variation across West Germany's states has … been removed by fiscal flows during the last two decades. Thus, in Germany where the fiscal federalism is criticised for …
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