estimation of causal effects shows significant higher average annual employment growth rates of German venture-backed firms. …

impact of public technology policies on innovation of firms located in Eastern Germany. The main question is whether public … funding stimulates innovation activities or whether crowding-out effects between public and private means occur. A … companies would have invested remarkably less if they had not participated in public innovation policy schemes. …

can result from contracts, implicit contracts, from efficiency wages and from insider-outsider behaviour. Based on a … survey of 801 firms strong support has been found for explanations based on collective wage agreements and on efficency wages …

In this paper, we analyse the influence of firm characteristics and the regional environment on employment growth of … employment growth found in various studies for several developed economies. An additional negative effect far firms which have … employment. Furthermore. the regional wage rate influences the growth rate in the expected way. …